Jerusalem

	When planning your Israel tour or Holiday in Israel use the map to get more information of the various Biblical sites throughout the Holy Land, additional information on key cities can be found in the Israel cities and Hotels section.

• Proclaimed Capital of Israel by David 996 BCE.
• Site of the First Temple, built by Solomon and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 587 BCE, then rebuilt by Nehemiah 445 BCE.
• About 40 years before the birth of Jesus, Herod expands and beautifies the Second Temple.
• Jesus ministry in Jerusalem is marked by miracles at Bethesda and Bethany, clashes with the Pharisees, the triumphal entry to the city during what becomes known as "Palm Sunday," the "Last Supper" (Passover Seder) on Mount Zion, the night spent in the Garden of Gethsemane, the arrest, trial, condemnation and the Way of the Cross (Via Dolorosa) to Calvary Golgotha.
• The Temple is destroyed by the Romans in the year 70CE. The only remnant of the Temple after the Roman destruction is the western retaining wall of the Temple's supporting platform. In subsequent centuries this wall becomes the focus of Jewish pilgrimage and mourning. Today, considered Judaism's holiest shrine, it is known simply as "The Western Wall".
• In 135, after the Bar Kochba revolt, the Romans raze what remains of Jerusalem and rename the city Aelia Capitola.
• After the Roman Empire adopts Christianity in the fourth century, Queen Helena, mother of Byzantine Emperor Constantine, visits Jerusalem, identifies sites associated with Jesus' life and orders the building of churches such as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.
• Jerusalem is conquered by Moslems in 632 who build the Dome of the Rock over the site of Temple.
• Jerusalem is stormed by Crusaders in 1099. Retaken by Saladin in1187 and fall under Mameluke, then Ottoman Turkish rule.
• The present Old City walls built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century.
• Occupied by Britain in 1917.
• The State of Israel is declared in 1948, Jerusalem is declared State's capital in 1949. for 19 years Jerusalem is divided between Israel and Jordan, with Jews and Israelis of all faiths prohibited from visiting their holy places. Jerusalem is reunified in 1967, rededicated as the eternal capital of the Jewish people, with freedom of worship and tourism for all religions.

• On the northern border of tribe of Judah (Jebusites) (Joshua 15:8).
• Melchizedek, King of Salem (Genesis 14:18).
• Conquest by David (Samuel II 5:1-12).
• Religious and political capital of the kingdom of Israel (Kings I 3:1, 12:41-43) (Kings I 7:1-12) (Samuel II 6:1-23).
• Jerusalem Psalms: 42-26-134:41-48-84-87-133-134-137-146-147-125-127-95-150-75.
• Destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in 587 BCE (Kings II 25).
• Rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem by Nehemiah (Nehemiah 3).
• Jesus foretells destruction of Jerusalem (Luke 21:20).
• Jerusalem represents the Chosen People (Ezekiel 23; Isaiah 62).
• The Holy City (Nehemiah 11:1).
• Meeting place of the nations (Isaiah 2:1-5, 60).
• Vision of the New Jerusalem (Isaiah 54:11-17, 62).
• The Holy City, the New Jerusalem at the end of time (Revelations 21:2).

Jerusalem - The Holy City for Christians

Jerusalem: The Mount of Olives

• David leaves Jerusalem trying to flee from Absalom (Samuel II 15:30-32).
• Solomon builds a palace on the hill near Jerusalem (Kings I 11:7-8).
• The glory of the Lord stood upon the mountain that is on the east side of the city (Ezekiel 11:23).
• Jesus enters Jerusalem (Matthew 21:1-16).
• The agony of Jesus in Gethsemane (Matthew 26:30-56).
• The ascension of Jesus (Luke 24:50, Acts 1:4-12).
• Jesus prophesies the destruction of the Temple (Mark 13:3).
• Jesus went to the Mount of Olives, and his Disciples followed... (Luke 22:39).
• The appearance of Jesus and the fulfillment of the prophecies (Ezekiel 11:23, Zacharias 14:4).
• The peak of the Mount of Olives from which Jesus rose to heaven (Luke 24:50, 51).
• The place of ascension Church (Luke 21:37).
• Pater Noster Church (Eleona).

• See: The Panorama of Jerusalem from the summit
• The Church of All Nations (Basilica of agony)
• The Church of Mary Magdalene
• The Tomb of Virgin Mary
• The Church of Dominus Flevit (Our Lord Weeping)
• The world's holiest Jewish Cemetery.

Jerusalem: Bethphage

• Palm procession during the triumphal entry of Jesus to Jerusalem (Luke 19:29-40; Matthew 21:1-11; Mark 11:1-11; John 12:12-16).
• At the edge of the Mount of Olives (John 11:1-45).
• Bethany (Mark 11:1-8) is the site of the miracle of restoring life to Lazarus, brother of Martha and Mary (Luke 10:38-42).
• Here are the cave where Lazarus is buried and the Bethphage Church.

• See: The Temple Mount
• The Western Wall
• The Hulda Steps
• The Dome of the Rock
• The Mosque of Al Aksa
• The Western Wall Tunnels.

Jerusalem: Mount Zion

• King David's Tomb.
• The last Supper (Matthew: 26:26-35; Luke: 22:7-38; Luke: 2:11-47).
• Pentecost (Acts:2:1-4).
• Denial of Peter (Mark 14:72; John 18:15-27).

• See King David's tomb
• Cenacle (the Room of the Last Supper)
• The Crypt of the Dormition Church (The church is built on the site where Mary, mother of Jesus, "fell into eternal sleep")
• Luthern Cemetery, including grave of Oscar Schindler

Jerusalem: Mount Moriah (The Temple Mount)

• Abraham prepares to sacrifice Isaac (Genesis 22:2)
• David desires to build a house for God (Samuel II 7:1-17).
• Construction of the Temple of Solomon (Kings I 5, 6).
• Dedication of the Temple (Kings I: 8).
• Vision of the prophet Isaiah in the Temple (Isaiah 6: 108).
• This is the Temple of the Eternal (Jeremiah 7:1-15).
• The book of the Law found in the Temple (Kings II 22).
• Destruction of the Temple by Nebuchadnezzar (Kings II 25).
• Vision of the future Temple (Ezekiel 40, 44).
• Reconstruction and dedication of the Temple (Ezta 4, 6).
• The birth and annunciation of John the Baptist (Luke 1: 5-25).
• Presentation of Jesus in the Temple (Luke 2: 22-38).
• Jesus astonishing the rabbis in the Temple (Luke 2: 40-47).
• Pinnacle of the temple-Temptation of Jesus (Luke 4:9-13).
• Expulsion of the moneychangers from the Temple (Matt 21:12-17).
• Jesus teaches (John 7:14-53).

• See: The Temple Mount
• The Western Wall
• The Hulda Steps
• The Dome of the Rock
• The Mosque of Al Aksa
• The Western Wall Tunnels

Jerusalem: The Via Dolorosa (Way of the Cross)

• 1st Station
  Antonia Fortress: Pilate condemns Jesus.
• 2nd Station
  The Chapel of the Condemnation (Lithostraos): Jesus takes up the cross.
• 3rd Station
  Jesus falls under the cross for the first time.
• 4th Station
  Jesus meets his mother
• 5th Station
  Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus carry the Cross.
• 6th Station
  A Jerusalem woman wipes Jesus' face, and the cloth takes up the image of Jesus' face. Vera Nika in Greek means "true image", thus the woman becomes known as "Veronica".
• 7th Station
  Jesus falls for the second time.
• 8th Station
  Jesus Consoles the women of Jerusalem.
• 9th Station
  Jesus falls for the firth time.
• 10th Station
  Jesus is stripped of his garments.
• 11th Station
  Jesus is nailed to the cross.
• 12th Station
  Jesus expires on the cross.
• 13th Station
  Jesus's body is taken from the cross and washed (the Stone of Unction)
• 14th Station
  Jesus's body is laid in the Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea.
• The last five Stations are within the Church of the Holy Sepulcher

• See the Sisters of Zion Convent (The Antonia Fortress)
• Lithistratos
• The Stations of the Cross
• The Church of the Holy Sepulcher
• The Garden Tomb
• The bazaars and the markets of Jerusalem's Old City.

Jerusalem: Additional Sites of Interest by Neighborhood

• Old City Christian Quarter:
  • Latin Patriarchate
  • Patriarchate St. Saviour Church
  • St. John the Baptist Church
  • Church of the Redeemer.
• Old City Muslim Quarter:
  • See Lions (St. Stephen's) Gate
  • St. Anne's Church, St. Anne's Monastery, Bethesda
• Old city Armenian Quarter:
  • See St. James Cathedral
  • Armenian Orthodox Monastery
  • Christ Church
  • Tower of David Museum of the History of Jerusalem
• Old City Jewish Quarter:
  • See The Herodian Mansions
  • The Burnet House
  • The Hulda Steps
  • The Southern Wall Archeological Garden
  • Davidson Center
• Just Outside the Old City Walls:
  • The Garden Tomb
  • The Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu
  • The City of David
  • See the pool of Siloah (Silwan): end of Hezekiah's tunnel (Isaiah 8:6)
  • Cure of the man born blind (John 9)

New City

• The Valley of the Cross - See the Monastery of the Cross (built on the site regarded as the place from which the tree was cut for the cross of Jesus).
• Russian Compound - See the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity.
• St. Simeon's Monastery - See the church built on the traditional site of the house of Simeon (Luke 11:30).
• The Israel Museum - Shrine of The Book (home of the Dead Sea Scrolls)
  
• The Biblical Archeology Museum
• Yad Vashem - Israel's national Monument, Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust.
  
• The Holyland Model - Giant scale model of Jerusalem at the time of Jesus
• Mar Elias Monastery - See the site of Elijah's flight from Jezebel.
• Kathisma - See the newly discovered remains of a giant 4th century church that recalls the spot where Mary rested en route to Bethlehem.
• Ein Karem - Traditional birthplace of John the Baptist, son of Zacharias and Elizabeth, first cousin of Jesus. See St. John's Church, including the cave that is believed to have been the home of Zacharias and Elizabeth (Luke 1:5)
• The Russian Visitation Church (Luke 1:39-56)
• Church and Convent of the Sisters of Zion
• Monastery of John the Baptist, constructed close to the cave where he lived in his youth in order to live a life of solitude and penitence (Luke 1:80).
  See also: Jerusalem Hotels.